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Disturbing Los Angeles Lewd Conduct News: Did CA Doctor Really Try to Meet Up with a 13 Year Old for Sex?

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Los Angeles sex crime news can be extremely disconcerting, whether you're a parent of young children, a concerned citizen, or even a “fellow” Los Angeles lewd conduct defendant. severt-lewd-conduct-southern-california.jpg As we've emphasized before on this blog, the spectrum of sex crime defendants is vast. Just because a police officer arrested you at a bathroom for having consensual sexual relations doesn't mean you're anywhere "at the same level" as some other sex offenders. In that context, let’s consider the sad story of 53-year-old hand surgeon, Dr. Raymond Severt, a doctor from Santa Rosa who faces felony charges for texting a local girl sexually explicit messages. According to allegations, he text messaged a 13-year-old girl from nearby Novato and arranged a meeting with her. To his surprise, he wound up meeting up with local police instead, who arrested him and charged him with attempted lewd and lascivious acts with a child under the age of 14. He also faces a battery of misdemeanors, including attempt to contact a minor with the intent of committing a sexual offense and attempting to annoy or molest a child under age 18. This case is obviously very unfortunate. Whether or not the allegations prove correct, almost all of us have visceral reactions when we read accounts like this. If you've been charged with one of the “lower end of the spectrum” lewd conduct Los Angeles charges -- like getting caught at an X-rated theater in Hollywood (like Nick Stahl or Fred Willard recently did) -- then you'd likely be offended to be classified with this class of offender. Unfortunately, many people -- even family members and friends and associates who should be sympathetic -- won’t make the distinction between what you've been charged with and what the "worst offenders" have been charged with. Your first step is to develop a rigorous, thorough understanding of your charges and then to create battle plan to meet those charges compassionately and effectively. The team here at the Kraut Law Group can help you. Mr. Kraut is a former prosecutor who has tremendous amount of experience on both sides of cases like yours. He and his white collar defense team in Los Angeles would be happy to give you a free consultation and work towards developing a right-minded defense.

When Someone You Love Refuses to Get Help After a Long Beach DUI

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You are at your wits’ end and also very sad. Someone you love dearly recently got arrested for DUI in Long Beach, and that person -- at least to you -- seems to be living in denial. help-after-long-beach-dui-arrest.jpg As you are no doubt aware, after you get arrested and charged according to California Vehicle Code Section 23152 (a) or 23152 (b) -- or per the injury DUI CVC Sections 23153 (a) or 23153 (b) -- you need to act quickly, strategically, and decisively to protect your rights. You may only have days, for instance, to contest the suspension of your California driver's license. Evidence that could help exonerate the Long Beach DUI defendant -- or at least make the prosecution’s case more challenging -- may disappear or be forgotten. So you need to get "on it" quickly. But the person whom you love -- who faces the charges -- is acting maddeningly nonchalant. Perhaps he or she has yet even to consult with a Long Beach DUI defense lawyer or even begin researching legal options. You want to help him, but there is only so much control that you can exert over a full-grown adult. Here are some insights to help you make progress: #1. Strive to empathize with the Long Beach DUI defendant. Imagine if you had been arrested. No doubt, you'd feel scared, overwhelmed, angry both outwardly and inwardly, and a lot of other feelings, none of them good. Whenever you'd dwell on the arrest, those feelings would come up. So it makes psychological sense (at least) to just pretend like things aren’t really happening. #2. The person may have a challenging relationship with you. For instance, maybe you're the parent of a UCLA or USC student who got arrested for DUI in Los Angeles. That student might worry that you'll stop paying tuition or take away the car. The person may not even be willing to listen to your plea because of these fears. #3. You cannot be sure exactly what’s going on. Scientists have done plenty of research into what motivates us (and what demotivates us) from taking empowering actions. But each situation is different. One defendant might refuse to get help because he's in denial. Another may refuse to get help simply because she doesn’t realize the nature of her legal bind. This puts you in a difficult situation. You want to help, but you are not exactly sure how to approach the person or otherwise assist. Above all else, strive for compassion. Be compassionate with the person. Be compassionate with yourself. You're going through a lot as well, even though you won't face jail time or other punishments. Appreciate that you have the kindness and sense of responsibility to offer help. Reflect on the Serenity Prayer. And consider connecting with Michael Kraut of the Kraut Law Group, directly, for help with your Long Beach DUI defense. Attorney Kraut can suggest solutions for you and your family.

Supreme Court To Decide On Issue Of DNA Sampling At Time Of Arrest

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A recent article in the New York Times discussed a crucially important case before the Supreme Court and how the ruling could impact how police officers and judges carry out their jobs across the country and here in Missouri. The issue is essential to the criminal justice process and was even described by one of the Justices as "the most important criminal procedure case" heard in decades. The case is about a Maryland man, Alonzo Jay King, who was arrested for assault in 2009. A sample of the man's DNA was taken by police officers when he was arrested but before King was ever convicted of anything. The sample was run in a state database and eventually matched to a rape that happened several years earlier. King was charged with that rape and eventually convicted. The case was appealed and the Maryland Court of Appeals found that the decision to take DNA from a suspect who had been arrested, but not yet convicted of doing anything, violated the Constitution. The Supreme Court heard oral argument on the case late last month and several pointed out that while the practice of taking DNA samples from recently arrested suspects might help law enforcement, that does not mean that it will past Constitutional muster. Justice Ginsburg agreed during oral argument that taking DNA from a person prior to a conviction might run afoul of the Fourth Amendment, which says that police must secure a warrant before they can conduct a search. The issue before the court was not about DNA collection in general, instead it was only about whether law enforcement agencies had the right to collect DNA from suspects who had not yet been convicted of a crime. Though the Maryland law at issue in the King case limits collection to only those arrested for "serious" crimes, Justice Roberts aptly pointed out that nothing stopped the legislature from abolishing that caveat and extending the DNA collection practice to all crimes, potentially even traffic violations. Questions were also raised on the other side of the argument about how much privacy suspects could claim they were entitled too when DNA is so easily accessed, even taking a sip of water can provide a wealth of information. The justices spent most of their time discussing whether DNA is simply a high tech version of fingerprinting suspects, something that is done prior to a criminal conviction all the time. However, opponents of the law argued that fingerprinting is different because fingerprints are only used to identify suspects while DNA is being used to help solve closed cases. The case is important not only for what happens in Maryland, but because here in Missouri we have a similar law on the books. Specifically, Section 650.055 of the Missouri Revised Statutes says DNA samples are to be collected at the time of arrest for those arrested for committing burglary or other serious felonies. The DNA sampling takes place at the time of an arrest rather than after a plea deal has been reached or a trial has been concluded. The DNA collection is to be taken during "booking" by local law enforcement officials. Under Missouri's previous law, the DNA sample was only collected after a conviction was secured. This ensured that a case had made its way through the criminal justice system before a suspect had their DNA taken and analyzed. Criminal defense attorneys who worry about similar DNA practice spreading to other states are watching the case closely. The Supreme Court is expected to issue a decision in June. If you've had a run in with the law and find yourself in need of a Missouri criminal defense lawyer capable of aggressively protecting your interests, contact our St. Louis criminal defense law firm today at (314) 863-0500. Source: "Justices Wrestle Over Allowing DNA Sampling at Time of Arrest," by Adam Liptak, published at NYTimes.com. See Our Related Blog Posts:Changes Proposed to Missouri Criminal StatutesRecent St. Louis Crime Wave Targets Old Clunkers

PUBLIC SAFETY DISPATCHERS GRADUATE FROM ACADEMY FRIDAY

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MERIDIAN - Idaho Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) is proud to announce that Basic Dispatch Academy Class #58 graduated during a ceremony this morning at the POST Academy in Meridian. The ceremony for the Basic Dispatch Academy Class #58 began at 9:00 a.m.The 25 graduates of the two-week academy represent law enforcement agencies from throughout the state and is the largest class to ever graduate from the Basic Dispatch Academy. The academy provides the knowledge and skills necessary to operate as a public safety dispatcher and is required for POST certification as a Dispatch Communication Specialist.Academy students have instruction in the following areas:Call Classification, Call Taking & Call PrioritizationCustomer Service & Effective CommunicationEmergency Medical ServicesEmergency Communications Technology & TTYHazardous Materials Orientation & Emergency Response GuideFire Call HandlingLegal Liability & EthicsPat Down Searches & HandcuffingRadio ProceduresIncident Command System (ICS) & National Incident Management System (NIMS)During the ceremony the graduates were addressed by Colonel Ralph Powell, Director, Idaho State Police, William L. Flink, POST Administrator, POST Training Specialist Kerry LaFramboise and Class President Kathi Steen, Valley County Sheriff’s Office. The top student award was presented to Lindsey Robinson from the Kootenai County Sheriff’s Office.During a touching tribute, Class President Kathi Steen introduced each of the graduates to those in attendance as “The Voice.” “The Voice” on the other end of the telephone for somebody in crisis and the “The Voice” on the other end of the radio that are relied upon by public safety personnel headed into harm’s way.“Dispatchers are the unsung heroes of public safety and serve on the very front lines,” said Colonel Powell. “I know this personally from being on patrol and relying on the voice on the end of the radio to ensure my safety. Law enforcement, firefighters and medics find comfort in knowing that there are highly trained personnel answering the calls of the public during crisis, making sure that they get to a scene quickly and letting them know what they are walking into when they get there.”National Public Safety Telecommunicators’ Week begins on April 14th. Since 1981 this week is celebrated every April beginning with just one agency and spreading across the nation until Congress adopted it as such in 1991. April is also National 9-1-1 Education Month.Those graduating today and their agencies are: KimberLee Arms - Bingham County Sheriff’s Office Ashley Auger - Shoshone County Sheriff’s Office Victoria Bailey - Nez Perce County Sheriff’s Office Rhonda Beauchamp - Lewis County Sheriff’s Office Peter Cangany - Kootenai County Sheriff’s Office Gordon Christopherson - Oneida County Sheriff’s Office Jeanine Dilworth - Minidoka County Sheriff’s Office Tawnya Fennel - Elmore County Sheriff’s Office Daniel Harder - Idaho State Police Jennifer Williams - Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office Jackie Hofmeister - Power County Sheriff’s Office Lea Hughes - Lewiston Police Department – Class Vice-President Sydney Hutchison - Chubbuck Police Department Kristin Jacobson - Idaho State Police Sara Loder - Idaho State Police Makenna Manning - Bingham County Sheriff’s Office Barbara McKay - Power County Sheriff’s Office Brynda Murphy - Idaho State Police Lindsey Robinson - Kootenai County Sheriff’s Office Katie Spackman - Pocatello Police Department Shauna Stramaglio - Pocatello Police Department Kathi Steen - Valley County Sheriff’s Office – Class President Michael Vargas - Kootenai County Sheriff’s Office Kendra Wageman - Chubbuck Police Department Jared Westerberg - Idaho State Police

Juvenile Detention Officers Graduate from POST Academy Friday

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Meridian - Idaho Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) is proud to announce that Juvenile Detention Academy Class #28 graduated during a ceremony this morning at the POST Academy in Meridian. The ceremony for began at 11:00 a.m.The 16 graduates of the three-week academy represent 7 out of the 12 county juvenile detention centersthroughout the state. Academy students have instruction in the following areas:Juvenile Justice System & Juvenile Detention StandardsEthicsAdolescent Development & Children’s Mental HealthSuicide PreventionEffective Supervision and TeamworkAppropriate Use of ForceSecurity ManagementSubstance AbuseCommunication Skills and Professional BoundariesLegal and Liability TopicsScenario Based TrainingsDuring the ceremony the graduates were addressed by Seth Scott, District 6 Juvenile Detention CenterAdministrator, William L. Flink, POST Administrator, POST Training Specialist Marcy Chadwell and ClassOfficer in Charge Jason Haines, Bonner County Juvenile Detention Center. The top student award waspresented to Audrey McKay, Southwest Idaho Juvenile Detention Center. Leadership Award was given toJason Haines, Bonner County Juvenile Detention Center.The Scenario Based Training of the Academy includes eight scenarios in which actors are used to create asituation that a juvenile detention officer would likely deal with while supervising detained juveniles. Theoutcome expected is to use the skills learned in the classroom environment to respond effectively to these situations. Examples are:Communication: Scenario created is a visitation with a parent and juvenile in which the parent and/or juvenile escalate into an argument. The students are required to use their communication skills learned to de-escalate the situation.Suicide Prevention: Scenario created is a juvenile in a room/cell, appears depressed, may start talking about ending her life. Students are required to used skills learned in suicide prevention to ascertain whether she is a risk, and how much of a risk, as well as whether the juvenile has a plan to commit suicide. One major part of this scenario is whether the student leaves the juvenile alone. If they do, the juvenile has a completedsuicide. This scenario stresses that it is really important to understand they cannot leave a documented suicidal juvenile alone, especially if they have a plan.Cell Extraction: This is the scenario in which the students use their Appropriate Use of Force to extract a juvenile who is extremely combative and refusing to come out of their cell or room. In this scenario actors are not used, instructors who teach the Appropriate Use of Force course are used as the juveniles as they are well versed in when to comply so no one is injured in the scenario.All of the scenarios are graded by the actual instructor who teaches that particular course. POST is successful as it uses professionals in the field of each academy from throughout Idaho to teach the courses.The graduates of Juvenile Detention Academy #28 are as follows:Genona Afeaki - Snake River Juvenile Detention CenterAndrew Bray - Mini Cassia Juvenile Detention CenterBrian Davis - District 6 Juvenile Detention CenterBrady Frederick - Ada County Juvenile Detention CenterJason Haines - Bonner County Juvenile Detention Center – Class Officer In ChargeMichelle Johnson - 5-C Juvenile Detention CenterBrian Krous - Bonner County Juvenile Detention CenterAudrey McKay - South West Idaho Juvenile Detention CenterKassie Mitchell - Ada County Juvenile Detention CenterKenneth Murdoch - 5-C Juvenile Detention CenterSophia Peterson - District 6 Juvenile Detention CenterAnthony Rickard - District 6 Juvenile Detention CenterRobyn Sabins - Snake River Juvenile Detention CenterRachel Shryock - District 6 Juvenile Detention CenterKenyon Walsh - Ada County Juvenile Detention CenterJoseph Wilson - Snake River Juvenile Detention Center

Garrett on Validating the Right to Counsel

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Brandon L. Garrett (University of Virginia School of Law) has posted Validating the Right to Counsel (Washington and Lee Law Review, Vol. 70, 2013) on SSRN. Here is the abstract: This Essay, written as part of a Symposium celebrating the...

More Trouble for Massachusetts’ Crime Labs

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Less than a year after Massachusetts state laboratory chemist Annie Dookhan was arrested and prosecuted for alleged mishandling of evidence that led to more than 300 convicted inmates being released, another state chemist has been charged with tampering with evidence and stealing drugs seized as evidence. Dookhan, arrested in September, had worked at the William Hinton State Lab in Jamaica Plain lab before she was dismissed. Although Dookhan has not been found guilty, concerns about her work prompted Attorney General Martha Coakley to recommend a full review of the lab. In total, 534 cases have been reexamined. The same process is now underway in the case of the second state chemist under investigation, who once worked with Dookhan at the Hinton lab, and more recently at an Amherst lab. Authorities allege that she lost evidence and, mixed drug evidence samples with counterfeit drugs to hide her theft. She has been charged with cocaine possession. Chemistry World reports: 'Every case she handled now has a huge question mark around it,' says Josh Lee, a criminal defense attorney and founding partner of law firm Ward, Lee and Coats. 'Such an individual is not going to be concerned with good laboratory practices or proper evidence handling and testing,' he adds. The Hinton State Lab has been closed since August and the Amherst lab was closed in January, pending further investigations. Read the full article. Recent national coverage of the MA crime lab scandal. Read more about how forensic errors can contribute to wrongful convictions.

U.S. Supreme Court Upholds Florida Drug Dog Sniff Decision As Unconstitutional 4th Amendment Search

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The United States Supreme Court voted 5-4 to uphold the appellate court decision in Florida v. Jardines, suppressing the evidence seized when police used a drug-sniffing dog outside a house being used to grow marijuana. Florida v. Jardines, involved the defendant being arrested for marijuana cultivation after police brought a drug dog to defendant’s door without a search warrant, then returned with a search warrant after the drug dog alerted the authorities of drugs. At all points throughout the case, the state of Florida appealed the Florida Supreme Court decision holding that the drug dog search was illegal, because it was a warrantless search of a home. imagesdrugdog.jpg Florida v. Jardines an issue of whether homes are subject to a higher Fourth Amendment standard than automobiles in traffic, luggage being sniffed on a conveyer belt, packages being sniffed at a package delivery service, or other moving or movable objects. The Supreme Court has upheld the warrantless use of drug dogs in those cases, but have granted greater protections to the privacy of the home, prohibiting police from using such measures as thermal imaging equipment to detect drug grow operations. The courts have determined that one does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in contraband. However, warrantless intrusion via listening devices, thermal imaging, and now drug dog sniffs, has been found to require a warrant in order to be conducted. The problem with cases like these involving drug dog sniffs is the reliability of the sniff. Drug dogs, even though specially trained for a purpose, are still dogs. Dogs get excited and will alert to things like tennis balls in trunks and animals in the vicinity. Even highly trained drug dogs still only smell “contraband”. This does not necessarily mean that drugs are present. Faint odors may remain when no contraband exists. Legal Incense is sold that smells like marijuana. A drug dog will alert falsely and police will invade because of legal activity like burning incense that causes a legal smell. The Court must consider the totality of the circumstances in determining whether probable cause to conduct a warrantless search is sufficient, and any fact that bears on a dog's reliability as a detector of the presence of drugs will come within the review of the courts. Furthermore, the location of the search is crucial to whether the search is legal under the 4th Amendment. Under the 4th amendment, if the police have exigent circumstances, or circumstances that would show that evidence of criminal activity could be removed or destroyed quickly, the police may conduct a search without a warrant. However, one has a reasonable expectation of privacy from government intrusion in one’s home. This means that police may not enter one’s home without a warrant if they do not have probable cause. In Jardines, the State claimed police had probable cause because of the police dog’s alerting to the smell of contraband. As discussed above, smell does not mean contraband. In a case involving an illegal search of one’s home without a valid search warrant, a motion to suppress the evidence found is the only thing that forces law enforcement to adhere to the Constitution, by making sure that if the search is not done correctly, the evidence will be excluded, leaving the State with no case. If one obtains an experienced Jacksonville drug crimes defense attorney to fight the case and ensure the illegally obtained evidence against one will be suppressed, limiting what the prosecution and police have access to, and possibly having one’s charges dropped.

H-1B Cap Reached.  Congress, Your Move.

Definition of Self Defense in Utah

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A Utah man is currently waiting to find out if the jury in his criminal trial will come back with a guilty verdict for murder or a verdict of not-guilty due to self defense. There are times when it is not only appropriate but also legally acceptable to practice self defense in Utah. Some of [...]

Johnston on Sentencing and Mental Illness

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E. Lea Johnston (University of Florida - Fredric G. Levin College of Law) has posted Vulnerability and Just Desert: A Theory of Sentencing and Mental Illness (Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 103, No. 1, 2013) on SSRN. Here...

Criminal Responsibility in Utah

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We often refer to certain words and phrases on this blog that the courts use to determine criminal responsibility in Utah. Today we’ll explain what those words mean. Intentionally • With intent or willfully with respect to the nature of your conduct or to a result of your conduct, when you have the conscious objective [...]

Tang on Shaming Bullies

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Xiyin Tang has posted Shame: A Different Criminal Law Proposal for Bullies (Cleveland State Law Review, Forthcoming) on SSRN. Here is the abstract: Public concern over bullying has reached an all-time high. The absence of a sensible criminal charging and...

Possible Changes to New Mexico Expungement Law Senate Bill 294

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The efforts of Senate Majority Leader Michael Sanchez in New Mexico have proven to be a success in the House, as Senate Bill 294 passed 40 to 26. The Bill is now in the hands of Governor Susana Martinez for [...]

Loan Broker Admits Conspiracy to Obtain Over $100M in Loans

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Joon Park, a/k/a Joon Pak, and Joon Paik,  43, Falls Church, Virginia, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit bank fraud, in connection with a scheme to fraudulently obtain business loans.

Can I Refuse to Give Blood When Arrested for a DUI?

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Most people these days are savvy enough to know that the police cannot search a home or person or simply take evidence without a warrant, signed off my a judge or magistrate. Unfortunately, these same rules do not apply when a peace officer requests a sample of blood, breath or urine after a person is arrested for suspicion of driving under the influence. In fact, refusing to submit to a chemical test can produce draconian results, such as loss of driving privileges for a year, even if you do not have any alcohol in your system. The laws in California of "implied consent" mean that when you decide to operate a motor vehicle, you are by that very fact consenting to a chemical test (either blood, breath or urine) and the police do not need to obtain a warrant or even your permission to take such evidence from you. All the police need is a reasonable suspicion that you were driving under the influence of alcohol or a drug. Thus, even if your blood alcohol content is below .08%, or there was no alcohol or other intoxicating agent in your system at all, but you refuse to submit to a test, you can be charged with a DUI refusal. In some instances the police will forcibly draw blood from a suspect who refuses to voluntarily submit to a test. In those cases it is up to the local District Attorney to decide whether to charge a person with a "refusal" or to just charge a simple DUI. In cases where the blood alcohol level is low, and below a .08%, the District Attorney has discretion to charge the refusal, or simply dismiss the case. However, the California Department of Motor Vehicles does not act with such discretion. If there is any suspicion that the motorist "refused," the DMV will move to suspend that person's license for one year, irrespective of what the District Attorney does. Even with proof that the motorist was not driving under the influence, any indication that the he or she was not cooperative when asked to give a blood, breath or urine sample, the DMV will move to suspend. Specifically, Vehicle Code § 13353 calls for an immediate and automatic suspension of driving privileges for one year, if a motorist refuses to submit to chemical test and the arresting officer has good cause to believe that the motorist committed a violation of Vehicle Code § 23140, 23152 or 23153. In other words, if a motorist is arrested for a suspicion of driving under the influence and refuses to consent to a chemical test, the law requires a one year suspension of the motorist's driving privileges. There is a caveat to this law, which the police do not always adhere to. The motorist under arrest for suspicion of driving under the influence must be told that his or her failure to submit to the required chemical testing will result in the suspension of the person's privilege to operate a motor vehicle for a period of one year, that the suspension is automatic and immediate and that he or she does not have a right to an attorney to be present at the time of the chemical test. See People v. Municipal Court (Gonzales) (1982) 137 Cal. App. 3d 114 for more on this. The laws of implied consent are currently before the United States Supreme Court on the grounds that such laws violate the Fourth Amendment guarantees against unreasonable searches and seizures. The court seems inclined to strike down implied consent. See this blog January 25, 2013 for more on this Supreme Court case. You do have a right to an administrative hearing after an arrest for driving under the influence, even if you are alleged to have refused a chemical test. If you are arrested for a DUI or with a refusal, you must immediately request such a hearing with the DMV in order to protect your driving privileges. There are many issues that may be challenged at these hearings such as whether the police had probable cause to make a vehicle stop, calibration of PAS devices, errors in police procedure, such as failure to maintain the chain of custody of evidence or failures to properly admonish the arrestee are but a few examples.

Shemtob on Evolving Standards of Decency

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Zachary Baron Shemtob has posted From Weems to Graham: The Curious Evolution of Evolving Standards of Decency (Criminal Justice Bulletin, 49, 3 (2013)) on SSRN. Here is the abstract: Since the 1958 case of Trop v. Dulles, the Supreme Court...

Los Angeles Court News

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In closing argument, Prosecutors love to ask the jury why a cop would lie?  This only works in cases where the defendant is not a cop.  In this type of case, the prosecutor obviously can't use that type of argument. Guess, "cops are liars" is the way to go on this one.Richard Winton and Robert Faturechi from the LA Times report that two Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies have been criminally charged with lying about a drug arrest.  By the way, did you know that Michael Jackson's family is suing the company (Anshutz Entertainment Group) that was promoting MJ's comeback tour?  Jury selection started in downtown LA. The family claims AEG negligently hired and supervised Dr. Conrad Murray who was convicted of involunatry manslaughter for Michael's death in 2011.CNN tried to get permission to televise the trial but Judge Palazuelos denied the request. If you missed the documentary this week on PBS called "The Passions and Politics of Ed Edelman," you can read the article by Steve Lopez which has lots of interesting facts about Edelman's life including the LA County Children's Court in Monterey Park is named for Edelman because he believed child abuse and neglect — and juvenile justice needed to be handled in "child-sensitive" quarters apart from the adult facilities.

Improper DNA Handling Can Create Guilty Verdicts…

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Many people believe the validity of DNA when it comes to determining the perpetrator of a crime. But what if that evidence were tainted or worse yet, planted at the scene by the real criminal in order to frame an innocent person? The results of a study performed in 2009 show these scenarios are entirely

Recent Supreme Judicial Court(SJC) decisions help clarify the new law which decriminalizes possession of an ounce or less of marijuana

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The new law which makes it legal to possess an ounce or less of marijuana for personal use has left many confused as to what is legal when it comes to possessing or using marijuana. Possession of any amount of marijuana with the intent to distribute is still a crime. Growing marijuana in any amount is still a crime. Possession of drug paraphernalia, such as a pipe, grinder or any other type of smoking device when possessed with marijuana is still a crime. The supreme judicial Court has recently decided a some cases which help clarify some gray areas that existed. The first case involved the police searching the backpack of a young man after witnessing him share a marijuana joint with others in public. The District Attorney's Office argued that the police had the right to search the backpack without a warrant based on their observations of him sharing marijuana with others. The Supreme Court ruled the search of the backpack without a warrant was illegal. The ruling makes it clear that sharing a joint with others is not considered distribution of marijuana and that such an offense is merely a civil infraction which does not open the door for the police to search a person or his property further. So this means that police are limited in their ability to search when encountering a civil marijuana infraction. As a side note approximately 23 grams of marijuana was found in the backpack which is less than an ounce, but the marijuana was packaged in ten small baggies leading the police to charge possession with the intent distribute. Evidence used by police to prove intent to distribute is usually the amount of drugs, manner in which it is packaged, large amounts of currency or cell phones/beepers, scales, baggies or any other evidence of distribution.
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